Characters of representations for molecular motions
Motion |
E |
2C6 |
2C3 |
C2 |
3C'2 |
3C''2 |
i |
2S3 |
2S6 |
σh |
3σd |
3σv |
Cartesian 3N |
75 |
2 |
0 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-3 |
-2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
9 |
Translation (x,y,z) |
3 |
2 |
0 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-3 |
-2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Rotation (Rx,Ry,Rz) |
3 |
2 |
0 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
Vibration |
69 |
-2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
-3 |
-2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
9 |
Decomposition to irreducible representations
Motion |
A1g |
A2g |
B1g |
B2g |
E1g |
E2g |
A1u |
A2u |
B1u |
B2u |
E1u |
E2u |
Total |
Cartesian 3N |
4 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
6 |
6 |
2 |
5 |
4 |
2 |
7 |
6 |
50 |
Translation (x,y,z) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
Rotation (Rx,Ry,Rz) |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
Vibration |
4 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
6 |
6 |
46 |
Molecular parameter
Number of Atoms (N) |
25
|
Number of internal coordinates |
69
|
Number of independant internal coordinates |
4
|
Number of vibrational modes |
46
|
Force field analysis
Allowed / forbidden vibronational transitions
Operator |
A1g |
A2g |
B1g |
B2g |
E1g |
E2g |
A1u |
A2u |
B1u |
B2u |
E1u |
E2u |
Total |
Linear (IR) |
4 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
6 |
6 |
10 / 36 |
Quadratic (Raman) |
4 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
6 |
6 |
15 / 31 |
IR + Raman |
- - - - |
1 |
2 |
4 |
- - - - |
- - - - |
2 |
- - - - |
4 |
2 |
- - - - |
6 |
0* / 21 |
* Parity Mutual Exclusion Principle
Characters of force fields
(Symmetric powers of vibration representation)
Force field |
E |
2C6 |
2C3 |
C2 |
3C'2 |
3C''2 |
i |
2S3 |
2S6 |
σh |
3σd |
3σv |
linear |
69 |
-2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
-3 |
-2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
9 |
quadratic |
2.415 |
2 |
0 |
35 |
35 |
35 |
39 |
2 |
0 |
35 |
35 |
75 |
cubic |
57.155 |
-1 |
23 |
35 |
35 |
35 |
-109 |
-1 |
-1 |
35 |
35 |
435 |
quartic |
1.028.790 |
0 |
0 |
630 |
630 |
630 |
774 |
0 |
0 |
630 |
630 |
2.310 |
quintic |
15.020.334 |
0 |
0 |
630 |
630 |
630 |
-2.034 |
0 |
0 |
630 |
630 |
10.422 |
sextic |
185.250.786 |
12 |
276 |
7.770 |
7.770 |
7.770 |
10.434 |
12 |
12 |
7.770 |
7.770 |
43.738 |
Decomposition to irreducible representations
Column with number of nonvanshing force constants highlighted
Force field |
A1g |
A2g |
B1g |
B2g |
E1g |
E2g |
A1u |
A2u |
B1u |
B2u |
E1u |
E2u |
linear |
4 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
6 |
6 |
quadratic |
128 |
83 |
94 |
104 |
199 |
210 |
94 |
104 |
104 |
94 |
198 |
198 |
cubic |
2.449 |
2.314 |
2.326 |
2.426 |
4.746 |
4.758 |
2.338 |
2.438 |
2.438 |
2.338 |
4.770 |
4.770 |
quartic |
43.476 |
42.426 |
42.636 |
43.056 |
85.692 |
85.902 |
42.624 |
43.044 |
43.044 |
42.624 |
85.668 |
85.668 |
quintic |
627.354 |
624.276 |
624.486 |
626.934 |
1.251.420 |
1.251.630 |
624.708 |
627.156 |
627.156 |
624.708 |
1.251.864 |
1.251.864 |
sextic |
7.728.272 |
7.711.510 |
7.714.096 |
7.723.088 |
15.437.118 |
15.439.704 |
7.713.874 |
7.722.866 |
7.722.866 |
7.713.874 |
15.436.674 |
15.436.674 |
Further Reading
- J.K.G. Watson, J. Mol. Spec. 41 229 (1972)
The Numbers of Structural Parameters and Potential Constants of Molecules
- X.F. Zhou, P. Pulay. J. Comp. Chem. 10 No. 7, 935-938 (1989)
Characters for Symmetric and Antisymmetric Higher Powers of Representations:
Application to the Number of Anharmonic Force Constants in Symmetrical Molecules
- F. Varga, L. Nemes, J.K.G. Watson. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 10 No. 7, 5043-5048 (1996)
The number of anharmonic potential constants of the fullerenes C60 and C70
Contributions to nonvanishing force field constants
pos(X) : Position of irreducible representation (irrep) X in character table of D
6h
Subtotal: <Number of nonvanishing force constants in subsection> / <number of nonzero irrep combinations in subsection> / <number of irrep combinations in subsection>
Total: <Number of nonvanishing force constants in force field> / <number of nonzero irrep combinations in force field> / <number of irrep combinations in force field>
Contributions to nonvanishing quadratic force field constants
Irrep combinations (i,i) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ pos(E2u) |
..10. |
A1gA1g. | ..1. |
A2gA2g. | ..3. |
B1gB1g. | ..10. |
B2gB2g. | ..15. |
E1gE1g. | ..21. |
E2gE2g. | ..3. |
A1uA1u. | ..10. |
A2uA2u. | ..10. |
B1uB1u. | ..3. |
B2uB2u. |
..21. |
E1uE1u. | ..21. |
E2uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 128 / 12 / 12 |
Irrep combinations (i,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
Subtotal: 0 / 0 / 66 |
Total: 128 / 12 / 78 |
Contributions to nonvanishing cubic force field constants
Irrep combinations (i,i,i) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ pos(E2u) |
..20. |
A1gA1gA1g. | ..56. |
E2gE2gE2g. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 76 / 2 / 12 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,j) (i,j,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
..90. |
E1gE1gE2g. | ..4. |
A1gA2gA2g. | ..12. |
A1gB1gB1g. | ..40. |
A1gB2gB2g. | ..60. |
A1gE1gE1g. | ..84. |
A1gE2gE2g. | ..12. |
A1gA1uA1u. | ..40. |
A1gA2uA2u. | ..40. |
A1gB1uB1u. | ..12. |
A1gB2uB2u. |
..84. |
A1gE1uE1u. | ..84. |
A1gE2uE2u. | ..10. |
A2gE1gE1g. | ..15. |
A2gE2gE2g. | ..15. |
A2gE1uE1u. | ..15. |
A2gE2uE2u. | ..126. |
E2gE1uE1u. | ..126. |
E2gE2uE2u. | | |
| |
Subtotal: 869 / 18 / 132 |
Irrep combinations (i,j,k) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ k ≤ pos(E2u) |
..8. |
A2gB1gB2g. | ..8. |
A2gA1uA2u. | ..8. |
A2gB1uB2u. | ..60. |
B1gE1gE2g. | ..16. |
B1gA1uB1u. | ..16. |
B1gA2uB2u. | ..72. |
B1gE1uE2u. | ..120. |
B2gE1gE2g. | ..16. |
B2gA1uB2u. | ..64. |
B2gA2uB1u. |
..144. |
B2gE1uE2u. | ..60. |
E1gA1uE1u. | ..120. |
E1gA2uE1u. | ..120. |
E1gB1uE2u. | ..60. |
E1gB2uE2u. | ..180. |
E1gE1uE2u. | ..72. |
E2gA1uE2u. | ..144. |
E2gA2uE2u. | ..144. |
E2gB1uE1u. | ..72. |
E2gB2uE1u. |
Subtotal: 1.504 / 20 / 220 |
Total: 2.449 / 40 / 364 |
Contributions to nonvanishing quartic force field constants
Irrep combinations (i,i,i,i) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ pos(E2u) |
..35. |
A1gA1gA1gA1g. | ..1. |
A2gA2gA2gA2g. | ..5. |
B1gB1gB1gB1g. | ..35. |
B2gB2gB2gB2g. | ..120. |
E1gE1gE1gE1g. | ..231. |
E2gE2gE2gE2g. | ..5. |
A1uA1uA1uA1u. | ..35. |
A2uA2uA2uA2u. | ..35. |
B1uB1uB1uB1u. | ..5. |
B2uB2uB2uB2u. |
..231. |
E1uE1uE1uE1u. | ..231. |
E2uE2uE2uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 969 / 12 / 12 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,i,j) (i,j,j,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
..224. |
A1gE2gE2gE2g. | ..56. |
A2gE2gE2gE2g. | ..70. |
B1gE1gE1gE1g. | ..140. |
B2gE1gE1gE1g. | ..112. |
A1uE2uE2uE2u. | ..224. |
A2uE2uE2uE2u. | ..224. |
B1uE1uE1uE1u. | ..112. |
B2uE1uE1uE1u. | | |
| |
Subtotal: 1.162 / 8 / 132 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,j,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
..10. |
A1gA1gA2gA2g. | ..30. |
A1gA1gB1gB1g. | ..100. |
A1gA1gB2gB2g. | ..150. |
A1gA1gE1gE1g. | ..210. |
A1gA1gE2gE2g. | ..30. |
A1gA1gA1uA1u. | ..100. |
A1gA1gA2uA2u. | ..100. |
A1gA1gB1uB1u. | ..30. |
A1gA1gB2uB2u. | ..210. |
A1gA1gE1uE1u. |
..210. |
A1gA1gE2uE2u. | ..3. |
A2gA2gB1gB1g. | ..10. |
A2gA2gB2gB2g. | ..15. |
A2gA2gE1gE1g. | ..21. |
A2gA2gE2gE2g. | ..3. |
A2gA2gA1uA1u. | ..10. |
A2gA2gA2uA2u. | ..10. |
A2gA2gB1uB1u. | ..3. |
A2gA2gB2uB2u. | ..21. |
A2gA2gE1uE1u. |
..21. |
A2gA2gE2uE2u. | ..30. |
B1gB1gB2gB2g. | ..45. |
B1gB1gE1gE1g. | ..63. |
B1gB1gE2gE2g. | ..9. |
B1gB1gA1uA1u. | ..30. |
B1gB1gA2uA2u. | ..30. |
B1gB1gB1uB1u. | ..9. |
B1gB1gB2uB2u. | ..63. |
B1gB1gE1uE1u. | ..63. |
B1gB1gE2uE2u. |
..150. |
B2gB2gE1gE1g. | ..210. |
B2gB2gE2gE2g. | ..30. |
B2gB2gA1uA1u. | ..100. |
B2gB2gA2uA2u. | ..100. |
B2gB2gB1uB1u. | ..30. |
B2gB2gB2uB2u. | ..210. |
B2gB2gE1uE1u. | ..210. |
B2gB2gE2uE2u. | ..780. |
E1gE1gE2gE2g. | ..45. |
E1gE1gA1uA1u. |
..150. |
E1gE1gA2uA2u. | ..150. |
E1gE1gB1uB1u. | ..45. |
E1gE1gB2uB2u. | ..780. |
E1gE1gE1uE1u. | ..780. |
E1gE1gE2uE2u. | ..63. |
E2gE2gA1uA1u. | ..210. |
E2gE2gA2uA2u. | ..210. |
E2gE2gB1uB1u. | ..63. |
E2gE2gB2uB2u. | ..1.107. |
E2gE2gE1uE1u. |
..1.107. |
E2gE2gE2uE2u. | ..30. |
A1uA1uA2uA2u. | ..30. |
A1uA1uB1uB1u. | ..9. |
A1uA1uB2uB2u. | ..63. |
A1uA1uE1uE1u. | ..63. |
A1uA1uE2uE2u. | ..100. |
A2uA2uB1uB1u. | ..30. |
A2uA2uB2uB2u. | ..210. |
A2uA2uE1uE1u. | ..210. |
A2uA2uE2uE2u. |
..30. |
B1uB1uB2uB2u. | ..210. |
B1uB1uE1uE1u. | ..210. |
B1uB1uE2uE2u. | ..63. |
B2uB2uE1uE1u. | ..63. |
B2uB2uE2uE2u. | ..1.107. |
E1uE1uE2uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 10.597 / 66 / 66 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,j,k) (i,j,j,k) (i,j,k,k) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ k ≤ pos(E2u) |
..80. |
E1gE1gA1uA2u. | ..180. |
E1gE1gA1uE2u. | ..360. |
E1gE1gA2uE2u. | ..80. |
E1gE1gB1uB2u. | ..360. |
E1gE1gB1uE1u. | ..180. |
E1gE1gB2uE1u. | ..120. |
E2gE2gA1uA2u. | ..252. |
E2gE2gA1uE2u. | ..504. |
E2gE2gA2uE2u. | ..120. |
E2gE2gB1uB2u. |
..504. |
E2gE2gB1uE1u. | ..252. |
E2gE2gB2uE1u. | ..360. |
A1gE1gE1gE2g. | ..90. |
A2gE1gE1gE2g. | ..252. |
A1uE1uE1uE2u. | ..504. |
A2uE1uE1uE2u. | ..40. |
A1gA2gE1gE1g. | ..60. |
A1gA2gE2gE2g. | ..60. |
A1gA2gE1uE1u. | ..60. |
A1gA2gE2uE2u. |
..504. |
A1gE2gE1uE1u. | ..504. |
A1gE2gE2uE2u. | ..126. |
A2gE2gE1uE1u. | ..126. |
A2gE2gE2uE2u. | ..80. |
B1gB2gE1gE1g. | ..120. |
B1gB2gE2gE2g. | ..120. |
B1gB2gE1uE1u. | ..120. |
B1gB2gE2uE2u. | ..210. |
B1gE1gE2gE2g. | ..210. |
B1gE1gE1uE1u. |
..210. |
B1gE1gE2uE2u. | ..420. |
B2gE1gE2gE2g. | ..420. |
B2gE1gE1uE1u. | ..420. |
B2gE1gE2uE2u. | ..120. |
A1uA2uE1uE1u. | ..120. |
A1uA2uE2uE2u. | ..120. |
B1uB2uE1uE1u. | ..120. |
B1uB2uE2uE2u. | ..504. |
B1uE1uE2uE2u. | ..252. |
B2uE1uE2uE2u. |
Subtotal: 9.244 / 40 / 660 |
Irrep combinations (i,j,k,l) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ k ≤ l ≤ pos(E2u) |
..32. |
A1gA2gB1gB2g. | ..32. |
A1gA2gA1uA2u. | ..32. |
A1gA2gB1uB2u. | ..240. |
A1gB1gE1gE2g. | ..64. |
A1gB1gA1uB1u. | ..64. |
A1gB1gA2uB2u. | ..288. |
A1gB1gE1uE2u. | ..480. |
A1gB2gE1gE2g. | ..64. |
A1gB2gA1uB2u. | ..256. |
A1gB2gA2uB1u. |
..576. |
A1gB2gE1uE2u. | ..240. |
A1gE1gA1uE1u. | ..480. |
A1gE1gA2uE1u. | ..480. |
A1gE1gB1uE2u. | ..240. |
A1gE1gB2uE2u. | ..720. |
A1gE1gE1uE2u. | ..288. |
A1gE2gA1uE2u. | ..576. |
A1gE2gA2uE2u. | ..576. |
A1gE2gB1uE1u. | ..288. |
A1gE2gB2uE1u. |
..60. |
A2gB1gE1gE2g. | ..8. |
A2gB1gA1uB2u. | ..32. |
A2gB1gA2uB1u. | ..72. |
A2gB1gE1uE2u. | ..120. |
A2gB2gE1gE2g. | ..32. |
A2gB2gA1uB1u. | ..32. |
A2gB2gA2uB2u. | ..144. |
A2gB2gE1uE2u. | ..60. |
A2gE1gA1uE1u. | ..120. |
A2gE1gA2uE1u. |
..120. |
A2gE1gB1uE2u. | ..60. |
A2gE1gB2uE2u. | ..180. |
A2gE1gE1uE2u. | ..72. |
A2gE2gA1uE2u. | ..144. |
A2gE2gA2uE2u. | ..144. |
A2gE2gB1uE1u. | ..72. |
A2gE2gB2uE1u. | ..64. |
B1gB2gA1uA2u. | ..64. |
B1gB2gB1uB2u. | ..120. |
B1gE1gA1uE2u. |
..240. |
B1gE1gA2uE2u. | ..240. |
B1gE1gB1uE1u. | ..120. |
B1gE1gB2uE1u. | ..144. |
B1gE2gA1uE1u. | ..288. |
B1gE2gA2uE1u. | ..288. |
B1gE2gB1uE2u. | ..144. |
B1gE2gB2uE2u. | ..432. |
B1gE2gE1uE2u. | ..240. |
B2gE1gA1uE2u. | ..480. |
B2gE1gA2uE2u. |
..480. |
B2gE1gB1uE1u. | ..240. |
B2gE1gB2uE1u. | ..288. |
B2gE2gA1uE1u. | ..576. |
B2gE2gA2uE1u. | ..576. |
B2gE2gB1uE2u. | ..288. |
B2gE2gB2uE2u. | ..864. |
B2gE2gE1uE2u. | ..240. |
E1gE2gA1uB1u. | ..120. |
E1gE2gA1uB2u. | ..360. |
E1gE2gA1uE1u. |
..480. |
E1gE2gA2uB1u. | ..240. |
E1gE2gA2uB2u. | ..720. |
E1gE2gA2uE1u. | ..720. |
E1gE2gB1uE2u. | ..360. |
E1gE2gB2uE2u. | ..3.240. |
E1gE2gE1uE2u. | ..64. |
A1uA2uB1uB2u. | ..288. |
A1uB1uE1uE2u. | ..144. |
A1uB2uE1uE2u. | ..576. |
A2uB1uE1uE2u. |
..288. |
A2uB2uE1uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 21.504 / 71 / 495 |
Total: 43.476 / 197 / 1.365 |
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